- how to recognise hazards that may cause harm or injury and what they should do to reduce risk and keep themselves (or others) safe
- how to help keep their body protected and safe, e.g. wearing a seatbelt, protective clothing and stabilizers
- that their body belongs to them and should not be hurt or touched without their permission; what to do and who to tell if they feel uncomfortable
- how to recognise and respond to pressure to do something that makes them feel unsafe or uncomfortable (including online)
- how everyday health and hygiene rules and routines help people stay safe and healthy (including how to manage the use of medicines, such as for allergies and asthma, and other household products, responsibly)
- how to react and respond if there is an accident and how to deal with minor injuries e.g. scratches, grazes, burns
- what to do in an emergency, including calling for help and speaking to the emergency services
- how to eat a healthy diet and the benefits of nutritionally rich foods
- how to maintain good oral hygiene (including regularly brushing and flossing) and the importance of regular visits to the dentist
- how not eating a balanced diet can affect health, including the impact of too much sugar/acidic drinks on dental health
- how people make choices about what to eat and drink, including who and what influences these
- how, when and where to ask for advice and help about healthy eating and dental care
- how regular physical activity benefits bodies and feelings
- how to be active on a daily and weekly basis – how to balance time online with other activities
- how to make choices about physical activity, including who and what influences decisions
- how the lack of physical activity can affect health and wellbeing
- how lack of sleep can affect the body and mood and simple routines that support good quality sleep
- how to seek support in relation to physical activity, sleep and rest and who to talk to if they are worried
| - how to recognise personal qualities and individuality
- to develop self-worth by identifying positive things about themselves and their achievements
- how their personal attributes, strengths, skills and interests contribute to their self-esteem
- how to set goals for themselves
- how to manage when there are set-backs, learn from mistakes and reframe unhelpful thinking
- how everyday events can affect feelings
- how feelings change over time and can be experienced at different levels of intensity
- the importance of expressing feelings and how they can be expressed in different ways
- how to respond proportionate-ly to, and manage, feelings in different circumstances
- ways of managing feelings at times of loss, grief and change
- how to access advice and support to help manage their own or others’ feelings
- about puberty and how bodies change during puberty, including menstruation and menstrual wellbeing, erections and wet dreams
- how puberty can affect emotions and feelings
- how personal hygiene routines change during puberty
- how to ask for advice and support about growing and changing and puberty
- how to recognise, predict, assess and manage risk in different situations
- how to keep safe in the local environment and less familiar locations (e.g. near rail, water, roads; fire/firework safety; sun safety and the use of digital devices when out and about)
- how people can be influenced by their peers’ behaviour and by a desire for peer approval; how to manage this influence
- how people’s online actions can impact on other people
- how to keep safe online, including managing requests for personal information and recognising what is appropriate to share or not share online
- how to report concerns, including about inappropriate online content and contact
- that rules, restrictions and laws exist to help people keep safe and how to respond if they become aware of a situation that is anti-social or against the law
| - how to recognise and respect similarities and differences between people and what they have in common with others
- that there are a range of factors that contribute to a person’s identity (e.g. ethnicity, family, faith, culture, gender, hobbies, likes/dislikes)
- how individuality and personal qualities make up someone’s identity (including that gender identity is part of personal identity and for some people does not correspond with their biological sex)
- about stereotypes and how they are not always accurate, and can negatively influence behaviours and attitudes towards others
- how to challenge stereotypes and assumptions about others
- how to carry out basis first aid including for burns, scalds, cuts, bleeds, choking, asthma attacks or allergic reactions
- that if someone has experienced a head injury, they should not be moved
- when it is appropriate to use first aid and the importance of seeking adult help
- the importance of remaining calm in an emergency and providing clear information about what has happened to an adult or the emergency services
- how drugs common to everyday life (including smoking/vapi-ng – nicotine, alcohol, caffeine and medicines) can affect health and wellbeing
- that some drugs are legal ( but may have laws or restrictions related to them) and other drugs are illegal
- how laws exist surrounding the use of drugs to protect them and others
- why people choose to use or not use different drugs
- how people can prevent or reduce the risks associated with them
- that for some people, drug use can become a habit which is difficult to break
- how organisations help people to stop smoking and the support available to help people if they have concerns about any drug use
- how to ask for help from a trusted adult if they have any worries or concerns about drugs
- how their bodies will change during puberty
- how their emotions may change
- about human reproduction and how this occurs
| - how mental and physical health are linked
- how positive friendship and being involved in activities such as clubs and communi-ty groups support wellbeing
- how to make choices that support a healthy, balanced lifestyle including:
- how to plan a healthy meal
- how to stay physically active
- how to maintain good dental health, including oral hygiene, food and drink choices
- how to benefit from and stay safe in the sun
- how and why to balance time spent online with other activities
- how sleep contributes to a healthy lifestyle; the effects of poor sleep; strategies that support good quality sleep
- how to manage the influence of friends and family on health choices
- that habits can be healthy or unheal-thy; strategies to help change or break an unhealthy habit or take up a new healthy one
- how legal and illegal drugs can affect health and how to manage situations involving them
- how to recognise early signs of physical or mental ill-health and what to do about this, including whom to speak to in and outside school
- that health problems, including mental health problems, can build up if they are not recognised, managed, or if help is not sought early on
- that anyone can experien-ce mental ill-health and to discuss concerns with a trusted adult
- that mental health difficulties can usually be resolved or managed with the right strategies and support
- that FGM is illegal and goes against human rights; that they should tell someone immediately if they are worried for themselves or someone else.
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